Mexico is officially known as the United Mexican States. Understanding the governmental structure of a country can provide crucial context, especially for travelers. So, What Type Of Government Does Mexico Have? Mexico operates as a federal presidential republic. This means power is divided between a national government and state governments, and the head of state and government is a president. This system, while aiming for democratic principles, functions within a complex landscape, impacting various aspects of life in Mexico, including safety and security which are important considerations for any visitor.
This guide will explore safety and security considerations for travelers in Mexico, drawing from official travel advisories, to ensure you are well-informed and prepared for your trip. While understanding the type of government is foundational, being aware of the on-the-ground realities concerning safety is paramount for a smooth and secure travel experience.
Risk Level
Mexico – Exercise a high degree of caution
Exercise a high degree of caution in Mexico due to high levels of criminal activity and kidnapping.
Regional Advisory – Avoid non-essential travel
Avoid non-essential travel to the following states due to high levels of violence and organized crime:
- Chiapas, excluding the cities of Palenque via highway 186 from Villahermosa, San Cristobal de las Casas and Tuxtla Gutiérrez
- Chihuahua, excluding Chihuahua City
- Colima, excluding the city of Manzanillo if accessed by air
- Guanajuato, in all areas south of and including highways 43D and 45D
- Guerrero, excluding the cities of Ixtapa/Zihuatanejo if accessed by air
- Jalisco, within 50 km of the border with Michoacán state
- the Lagunas de Zempoala National Park in Morelos
- Michoacán, excluding the cities of Morelia and Patzcuaro
- Nayarit, within 20 km of the border with the states of Sinaloa and Durango
- Nuevo León, excluding the city of Monterrey
- Sinaloa, excluding the city of Los Mochis
- Sonora, excluding the cities of Hermosillo, Guaymas/San Carlos and Puerto Peñasco
- Tamaulipas, excluding the city of Tampico
- Zacatecas, excluding Zacatecas City
Safety and security
Crime
Violent clashes in Culiacán, Mazatlán and surrounding areas
In recent weeks, violent clashes between rival armed groups have occurred in Culiacán, Mazatlán, and surrounding areas. Armed groups have been known to stop vehicles on highways from Culiacán to Mazatlán and other major roads.
If you are in Culiacán, Mazatlán, or their surrounding areas:
- exercise extreme caution
- limit your movements
- monitor local media for the latest information
- follow the instructions of local authorities
Levels of crime, particularly violent crime, are high throughout Mexico. Understanding the government’s efforts to combat this is crucial, but as a traveler, personal vigilance is key.
If you become a victim of crime, it is imperative to report it immediately to local authorities. Criminal investigations necessitate a formal complaint made in person. Hiring a local lawyer to represent your interests and follow up on your case after returning home is highly advisable. Failure to do so may lead to incomplete investigations or significant delays in bringing cases to trial.
Petty crime
Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and purse snatching, is common in Mexico. Remain vigilant, especially in crowded areas like airports, bus stations, buses, and the Mexico City metro system.
- Be aware of your surroundings at all times.
- Keep personal belongings, including passports and travel documents, in a secure place.
- Avoid displaying signs of wealth or wearing expensive jewelry.
Organized crime
Criminal groups, including powerful drug cartels, are highly active across Mexico. Clashes between cartels or gangs over territory, drug routes, and smuggling are frequent. Armed confrontations between security forces and drug cartels can occur without warning.
In some regions, the government, through the military, navy, and federal police forces, has deployed personnel to maintain a visible presence and combat organized crime in efforts to improve security conditions.
If you are planning to travel to Mexico:
- be vigilant
- avoid displaying signs of affluence
- stay within tourist areas
- exercise extreme caution on roads, including major highways
- avoid traveling at night
- research your destination thoroughly
- monitor local media for the latest information
Tourist areas
Mexican authorities have focused on protecting major tourist destinations, which has resulted in comparatively lower levels of gang-related violence in these areas. However, incidents of violent crime still occur in major cities, popular tourist areas, and resorts. Fights between criminal gangs and cartels have been reported in locations such as:
- restaurants
- hotels
- nightclubs
Innocent bystanders have been injured or killed in such incidents. It’s important to be aware that you could inadvertently be in a dangerous situation.
Border areas
Criminal activity and violence are prevalent in border regions. Confrontations between organized criminal groups and Mexican security forces continue to pose a risk. Shootouts, attacks, and illegal roadblocks can occur without warning.
The border areas between:
- Mexico and the United States
- Mexico and Guatemala
are particularly tense. Air travel is recommended to enter Mexico to avoid potential criminal incidents at international land border crossings.
If you plan to cross an international land border:
- remain extremely vigilant
- use only official border crossings
- avoid traveling at night
Armed robbery
Armed robbery is a frequent occurrence. Criminals sometimes target victims after they exchange or withdraw money. Motorcyclists are often involved in robberies targeting motorists and pedestrians on roads.
- Avoid displaying signs of wealth.
- Stay in hotels and resorts with robust security measures.
- Keep personal belongings, including passports and travel documents, in a secure place.
- Do not resist if attacked.
- Rent cars without rental company stickers or advertisements.
- Ensure you only stop in major centers, at reputable hotels, or secure campsites.
- Avoid withdrawing or exchanging money in public airport areas.
- Do not leave valuables in vehicles.
Assault
Reports of physical and sexual assault against travelers exist. In some instances, hotel employees, taxi drivers, and security personnel in popular tourist destinations have been implicated. In certain cases, hotel staff may not be helpful and may discourage victims from reporting incidents to the police.
There are reports of individuals impersonating police officers, using cars resembling police vehicles, and committing:
- robberies
- physical assault
- sexual assault
When in Mexico:
- avoid walking after dark
- avoid deserted streets and isolated areas at night
Carjackings
Carjacking is common, particularly on roads along the Pacific coast and northern borders. Criminals primarily target:
- camper vans
- sport utility vehicles
- pickup trucks
If you suspect you are being followed, proceed directly to a police station.
Kidnappings
Kidnappings, including express kidnappings, are frequent throughout Mexico. Foreigners, including travelers, have been targeted.
If you are kidnapped:
- comply with kidnappers’ requests
- do not resist
Express kidnappings can occur in large urban areas. Criminals may abduct victims from the street or taxis and force them to withdraw funds from ATMs. Victims might be held overnight for further withdrawals after midnight. Thieves often operate in collaboration with or by posing as taxi drivers.
- Use only reputable cab companies or ride-sharing apps.
- Avoid hailing taxis on the street.
- If threatened by armed criminals, remain calm and do not resist.
Home break-ins
Tourists staying in private and rental homes have been victims of break-ins and burglaries. Ensure windows and doors are securely locked.
Fraud
Timeshares
Disputes related to timeshare arrangements are not uncommon. Timeshare sales representatives can be highly persistent and often employ pressure tactics.
Criminal groups sometimes pose as real estate representatives offering to buy properties for inflated prices for timeshare use. They may fail to pay or impose high administrative fees.
Legally, you are entitled to cancel a timeshare contract without penalty within 5 working days. Timeshare companies are prohibited from requesting waivers preventing contract cancellation. To cancel, you must write directly to the timeshare company.
Before purchasing a timeshare:
- carefully review the contract
- consult a Mexican attorney
- only provide credit card details if you are certain about the purchase
- keep copies of all correspondence
If you suspect real estate fraud, contact the Federal Attorney’s Office of Consumer Protection immediately.
Online scams
Travelers are susceptible to online scams, including phishing emails and romance scams. Some scams specifically target senior citizens.
Scam victims may be:
- coerced into acting as drug or money couriers for criminal groups
- kidnapped
- forced to make money transfers and withdrawals
Before traveling to Mexico to meet someone met online:
- be cautious of individuals requesting you to carry packages from Mexico.
- be wary of individuals showing excessive online interest.
Credit card and ATM fraud
Credit and debit card, as well as ATM fraud, are frequent.
When using cards:
- cover the keypad when entering your PIN
- avoid withdrawing large sums of cash
- be attentive when others handle your cards
- avoid card readers with irregular features
- use ATMs in public areas or inside banks or businesses
- check for unauthorized transactions regularly
Overcharging
Certain establishments, especially bars and nightclubs, may attempt to overcharge. Disputes over charges have escalated to violence, with tourists threatened and forced to pay.
- Always confirm prices before ordering.
- Do not leave open tabs.
- Avoid giving credit cards to bar or restaurant staff.
- Check bills for accuracy before paying.
Extortion
Extortion schemes are common in Mexico. Virtual kidnappings are on the rise and more frequent than traditional kidnappings.
Virtual kidnappings
Virtual kidnappings are a form of extortion. Victims are not physically captured, but criminals use threats and personal information to create the illusion of kidnapping and demand ransom from family and friends.
Criminals gather victim information from sources such as:
- social media
- eavesdropping on conversations
- phone theft or hacking
Tactics in virtual kidnapping vary. Criminals may call hotel rooms posing as distressed friends or family, government officials, or representatives of criminal gangs.
Protect personal information at all times, both in person and online.
- When answering calls, wait for the caller to speak first.
- If asked “Who is speaking?”, threatened, or hear screams, hang up and report the call to authorities.
- Do not discuss travel plans, room numbers, or personal information with strangers.
- Never leave cell phones unattended.
- Ensure cell phones are password protected and enable two-step verification for apps.
- Do not share personal details with strangers in person, over the phone, or on social media, especially using hotel phones.
- Do not admit visitors to your room without verification.
If you believe a friend or family member is a virtual kidnapping victim, contact your government to verify legitimacy before taking action or sending money.
Police corruption
Reports exist of legitimate police officers demanding money from tourists or arresting them for minor offenses, such as:
- drinking alcohol on the street
- public urination
- traffic violations
They may request immediate cash payment for release, particularly in tourist areas.
If this occurs:
- do not hand over money or passports
- ask for the officer’s name, badge, and patrol car number
- request a written fine payable later or insist on going to the nearest police station
Women’s safety
Women traveling alone may face harassment and verbal abuse. Incidents of assault, rape, and sexual assault against women travelers have occurred, including at beach resorts and on public buses.
- Remain vigilant at all times.
- Do not accept transportation from strangers.
- Avoid walking alone at night.
2SLGBTQI+ travelers
Mexican law does not prohibit same-sex sexual acts. However, homosexuality is not widely accepted in Mexican society, particularly in rural areas. 2SLGBTQI+ individuals may face discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity, expression, or sex characteristics. Transgender and gender non-conforming individuals are disproportionately targeted for violence and discrimination.
Spiked food and drinks
Reports exist of criminals adding drugs to food and drinks, increasing risks of sexual assault or robbery. Items include food, drinks, gum, and cigarettes. Incidents are more likely in nightclubs, bars, restaurants, and on public transportation, including taxis.
- Be cautious accepting items from new acquaintances.
- Never leave food or drinks unattended or in the care of strangers.
- Order drinks in sealed bottles or cans rather than plastic cups.
Unregulated alcohol
Some bars, restaurants, and resorts have served unregulated alcohol. Travelers have reported illness or blackouts after consuming alcohol.
- Buy alcohol from reputable establishments.
- Seek medical assistance if feeling unwell after consuming alcohol.
Balconies
Balcony railing height standards in Mexico are lower than in some other countries. Falls have resulted in deaths and injuries. Exercise caution near balcony railings.
Demonstrations
Demonstrations are frequent, and roadblocks are common during demonstrations. Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent. They can disrupt traffic, public transportation, and cause airport closures.
Foreigners are prohibited from political activity in Mexico, including demonstrations. Participation may lead to detention, deportation, and future entry denial.
- Avoid areas of demonstrations and large gatherings.
- Follow instructions from local authorities.
- Monitor local media for demonstration information.
Water activities
Swimming
Coastal waters can be dangerous. Riptides are common, and powerful waves make swimming and water sports hazardous. Drownings occur annually. Many beaches lack warning flags and lifeguards, or lifeguard services may not meet international standards.
- Consult locals and tour operators about hazards and safe swimming areas.
- Respect swimming zones.
- Follow local authority instructions.
Water sports
Tour operators may not adhere to international standards, and safety checks on equipment may be infrequent. Accidents involving recreational vehicles have occurred where operators demand excessive compensation for damages.
If participating in water sports:
- use reputable companies
- ensure travel insurance covers related incidents
- wear appropriate safety gear like helmets and life jackets
- do not use unsafe equipment
- do not dive under the influence of alcohol or drugs
Adventure tourism
Outdoor activities, including hiking, mountain biking, scuba diving, and extreme sports, carry risks. Tour operators may not meet international safety standards.
If engaging in adventure tourism:
- share itineraries with someone if traveling alone
- stay on marked trails and consider experienced guides
- buy travel insurance covering related incidents
- ensure physical fitness for activities
- use proper equipment and carry sufficient water
- monitor weather and hazards
- refrain from using unsafe equipment
Power outages
Mexico occasionally experiences power shortages, potentially impacting essential services such as public transportation (including flights), medical services, water supply, telecommunications, banking, and basic necessities.
Telecommunications
Telecommunications networks may be unreliable in rural areas. Canadian cell phones generally function in major cities.
Roads
Road safety
Fatal accidents are frequent. Traffic law enforcement, including for drunk driving, may be lax. Police highway patrols are not routine. Crime is common on highways, especially in rural areas. Toll highways are generally better maintained than secondary roads.
- Use only frequented rest areas and gas stations.
- Avoid nighttime travel.
- Use toll roads and highways when possible.
- Refuel before traveling.
- Keep doors and windows locked.
- Do not hitchhike or pick up hitchhikers.
Road conditions
Road conditions vary greatly. Hazards like construction and speed bumps may be unmarked, and signage can be lacking. Rural road conditions can be dangerous due to abandoned vehicles, potholes, sharp curves, slow vehicles, and stray livestock.
Driving habits
Drivers may not always respect traffic laws, exhibiting excessive speed, aggressive or reckless driving, failing to signal, and not stopping at pedestrian crosswalks. Vehicles and bicycles may lack sufficient lights and reflectors.
Illegal Roadblocks
Illegal roadblocks are common. Heavily armed gangs have attacked travelers on highways who fail to stop or pay ‘tolls’. If threatened, remain calm and do not resist.
Checkpoints
Military and federal police checkpoints for drugs and firearms exist throughout the country.
Public transportation
Some public and private vehicles may be poorly maintained.
Metro
The Mexico City metro is often crowded and prone to pickpocketing. During rush hour, women-and-children-only cars are available at the front of trains.
Buses
Mexico City’s Metrobus is generally reliable, with women-and-children-only sections at the front. Crime is common on intercity buses.
- Avoid minibuses.
- Take direct bus routes.
- Use VIP or executive class bus companies on toll roads.
- Travel during daylight hours only.
- Do not carry large sums of cash.
- Exercise caution at bus stations.
Taxis
In Mexico City, authorized taxis have license plates starting with “A” or “B.” Designated stand taxis have company logos and license plate numbers. Official taxis are pink and white and bookable on the CDMX app. Credit card fraud occurs. Drivers may overcharge.
- Use only officially marked taxis.
- Avoid hailing taxis on the street.
- Never share cabs with strangers.
- Avoid using credit or debit cards.
- Have small bills for payment.
For airport taxis in Mexico City, pre-book and prepay inside the terminal or at designated boarding areas when assigned a taxi if paying by card.
Ridesharing services
Ridesharing apps are available at some airports. Disputes between taxi and ride-share drivers may occur. While tourists are not targeted, you could be caught in incidents.
If using ridesharing apps:
- confirm driver identity and license plate before entering.
- utilize app security features.
Piracy
Pirate attacks and armed robberies against ships occur in coastal waters in the Bay of Campeche. Travelers should take precautions.
Air travel
Assessments on foreign domestic airline compliance with international safety standards are not made.
Entry and exit requirements
Entry and exit requirements are determined by each country or territory. Your government cannot intervene if you do not meet destination requirements. Information is obtained from Mexican authorities but is subject to change. Verify with Foreign Representatives in Canada.
Passport
Passport requirements vary by passport type. Check with transportation companies about passport validity rules, as they may be stricter than country entry rules.
Regular passport
Passports must be valid for the duration of your stay in Mexico.
Official travel passport
Different entry rules may apply for official travel.
Passport with “X” gender identifier
While passports with “X” gender identifiers are issued, entry or transit through other countries is not guaranteed and restrictions may apply in countries not recognizing this identifier. Check with the destination’s foreign representative before traveling.
Other travel documents
Different rules may apply for temporary or emergency travel documents. Check with the destination’s foreign representative before traveling.
Visas
Tourist visa: not required
Business visa: required
Work visa: required
Student visa: required
Work visa
Canadians working in the northern border zone (within 21 km of the U.S. border) for stays of 72 hours or less do not need a visa.
If employers are processing visas:
- obtain copies of employer-immigration authority correspondence
- verify copies are stamped by immigration authorities
- request document receipts from employers
- do not surrender passports to employers
Activities requiring a visa
Tourist visas may not cover activities like:
- volunteer work
- religious/missionary work
- research
- certain eco-tourism types
Contact the Mexican Embassy or consulate for visa information for these activities.
Tourist card
For stays under 180 days, a Multiple Immigration Form (FMM) or Tourist Card is required.
Air entry:
- passport stamped with allowed days, or
- E-gate kiosk self-registration and e-tourist card download within 60 days
Land entry:
- completed tourist card required unless staying within the northern border zone for less than 72 hours. Complete online and print, or obtain at the border immigration office.
Failure to obtain a tourist card may result in fines, detention, or expulsion. Keep the tourist card as proof of legal stay. Replacement fees apply if you cannot produce it upon departure.
Length of stay
Immigration officials determine the allowed stay duration, noted on the tourist card for land entry and in passports for air entry. A maximum 180-day stay is not automatic and may require explaining trip purpose, providing details (accommodations, funds, return flight), or invitation letters. Extensions or changes to stay conditions are not possible from within Mexico.
Tourism tax
Most visitors must pay a tourism tax, usually included in airline tickets. Land or sea arrivals pay at a bank post-entry, attaching the receipt to the tourist card for departure submission. Exemptions apply for land entry tourism stays under 7 days, northern border zone stays under 72 hours, and cruise travel.
Other entry requirements
Immigration officials may request to see return/onward tickets, proof of funds, and proof of accommodations. Mexico has a list of tax-exempt luggage items. Exceeding limits incurs taxes, and items may be confiscated. Customs officials focus on electronics, alcohol, and cigarettes. Review the tax-exempt list before travel.
Dual citizenship
Dual citizens entering and leaving Mexico must identify as Mexican citizens and carry valid passports for both countries.
Criminal records
Canadians with criminal records or arrest warrants may be refused entry and returned to Canada or a third country.
Children and travel
Children under 18 who are Mexican citizens or residents need a Mexican Minor Travel Consent Form or notarized consent form to leave Mexico if traveling without a legal guardian.
Yellow fever
Check potential entry requirements related to yellow fever in the health section.
Health
Relevant Travel Health Notices
This section offers information and advice on potential health risks during travel. Following advice can help reduce illness risks. Not all risks are listed. Consult a healthcare provider or travel health clinic ideally 6 weeks before travel for personalized advice. Even with short notice, appointments are valuable.
Routine vaccines
Ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date before travel, including for measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio, varicella (chickenpox), meningococcal disease, seasonal flu, and others.
Pre-travel vaccines and medications
Vaccines or medications may prevent certain diseases in your destination. Consult a travel health provider for personalized recommendations. Highlights below indicate if vaccines are required for entry/exit.
Yellow Fever
- Risk: No risk in Mexico.
- Entry Requirement: Proof of vaccination not required.
- Recommendation: Vaccination not recommended.
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A risk exists in Mexico. Spread through contaminated food/water, food prepared by infected persons, or close physical contact. Practice safe food and water precautions and frequent handwashing. Vaccination recommended for all travelers.
Measles
Measles is highly contagious. Ensure full protection before international travel. Consult a healthcare professional.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B risk exists in all destinations. Transmitted through blood and body fluids. Vaccination recommended for all travelers, especially those potentially exposed to blood or bodily fluids. Practice safe sex, use sterile equipment, and ensure safe tattooing/piercing practices.
COVID-19
COVID-19 is infectious. Complete a COVID-19 vaccine series and recommended doses before travel. Verify destination entry/exit vaccine requirements. Consult a health professional for adequate protection.
Influenza
Get a flu shot annually, ideally 2 weeks before travel. Flu occurs worldwide with varying seasonal patterns. Practice hand hygiene and mask use if symptomatic.
Malaria
Malaria risk exists in certain areas and seasons. Antimalarial medication may be recommended. Consult a health professional. Prevent mosquito bites through skin cover, repellents, screened living areas, insecticide-treated bed nets, and permethrin-treated clothing. Seek immediate medical attention for malaria-like symptoms during or after travel, informing providers of travel history.
Rabies
Rabies is present in dogs and wildlife, including bats. Prevent bites/scratches from animals. Wash wounds and seek medical care immediately if bitten. Rabies treatment is often available. Discuss rabies vaccination with a health professional, especially for high-risk travelers.
Safe food and water precautions
Unsafe food/water or contaminated water swimming can cause illness. Boil, cook, peel, or avoid unsafe food. Avoid swallowing water during hygiene or swimming.
Travelers’ diarrhea
Travelers’ diarrhea is common, from contaminated food/water. Practice safe precautions. Rehydration is key treatment; carry oral rehydration salts.
Typhoid
Typhoid is bacterial, from contaminated food/water. Vaccination recommended, especially for rural travel or long stays.
Salmonellosis
Salmonellosis is common, from contaminated food/beverages like poultry, eggs, fruits, vegetables. Practice safe food/water precautions. Multidrug-resistant strains reported in travelers returning from Mexico. Rehydration is primary treatment; seek medical care for severe symptoms.
Tick and insect bite prevention
Prevent bites to avoid diseases spread by ticks and insects like mosquitoes, fleas, flies. Use repellents, wear protective clothing, use mosquito nets, and check for ticks after outdoor activities.
Chikungunya
Chikungunya risk exists, varying by season, year, region, and elevation. Prevent mosquito bites.
Dengue
Dengue risk exists seasonally and regionally. Prevent mosquito bites, especially during daytime. No vaccine or preventative medication available.
Zika virus
Zika virus risk exists. Spread by mosquitoes and sexually. Prevent mosquito bites and use condoms or avoid sex, particularly if pregnant. Discuss risks with healthcare providers if pregnant or planning pregnancy.
American trypanosomiasis
American trypanosomiasis risk is low for most travelers. Prevent triatomine bug bites by using mosquito nets in poorly constructed housing. No vaccine is available.
Animal precautions
Avoid animal contact to prevent animal-to-human infections like rabies and avian flu. Avoid stray animals, livestock, monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats. Avoid undercooked meat. Supervise children closely.
Avian Influenza
Avian influenza cases reported. Avoid contact with birds (wild, farm, backyard, dead or alive) and bird droppings. Ensure poultry is properly cooked. Higher risk for those visiting live animal markets, poultry farms, working with poultry or wild birds/mammals. Seasonal flu shots are recommended.
Person-to-person infections
Reduce respiratory infection risk by staying home when sick, wearing masks in crowded settings, hand hygiene, and cough/sneeze etiquette.
Reduce STI, HIV, and mpox risk by vaccination (mpox), fewer partners, and protected sex.
Medical services and facilities
Healthcare quality varies. Good private facilities exist in major cities, but rural areas are limited. Private care is expensive, often requiring upfront credit card payment or bank transfers. Mental health services are limited, especially outside Mexico City, with potentially different standards than in your home country. Spanish is the primary language. Emergency and ambulance services are available, but response times vary. Medical evacuation can be expensive and necessary for serious cases. Ensure travel insurance covers medical evacuation and hospital stays.
Contaminated beaches
Beach water quality can be affected by runoff, sewage, or oil. Avoid swimming in polluted water and swallowing water while swimming.
Medical tourism
Cosmetic/elective surgeries abroad carry risks. Research facilities, consider health/financial risks, language barriers, and insurance coverage. Discuss plans with your primary healthcare provider. Provincial/territorial health care coverage abroad is limited. Verify healthcare provider authorization, credentials, and obtain written treatment agreements.
Medication
Some prescription medications may not be available. Verify legality in Mexico. Bring sufficient medication in original containers in carry-on luggage with prescription copies. Medication cannot be couriered to Mexico. Counterfeit medication is common; purchase from reputable locations with local prescriptions.
Air quality
Air pollution in major cities can cause health issues, peaking in Mexico City from December to March. Consult doctors for lung, heart, or respiratory issues before travel.
Altitude sickness
Mexico City is at high altitude (2240m). Altitude sickness can be life-threatening. Know symptoms and prevention. Medical evacuation may be needed.
Death abroad
For long stays or medical procedures, share plans/wishes with relatives, ensure document accessibility, and make death arrangements.
Keep in Mind…
Travel decisions are personal responsibility. Be prepared and do not expect healthcare to match standards at home. Pack a travel health kit, especially for travel outside major cities.
Laws and culture
Abide by local laws. Penalties for breaking laws in Mexico can be more severe than in your home country. Foreign nationals may face lengthy pre-trial detention and trial delays. Police may detain for up to 72 hours for petty crimes. Detention conditions may be below home country standards.
Transfer to a Canadian prison
Canada and Mexico have a transfer treaty for sentenced persons. Transfers require agreement from both countries and can be lengthy with no guarantee of approval.
Drugs
Severe penalties exist for drug possession, use, or trafficking. Mexican laws on recreational and medical marijuana are unclear, potentially leading to arrest or extortion for possession.
Imports and exports
Weapons
Strict laws govern firearms and ammunition. Unauthorized entry with firearms or ammunition leads to imprisonment. Knives with blades over 6cm are illegal.
Vehicles and boats
Strict rules apply to foreign vehicle and boat imports. Proper permits and insurance, obtained prior to arrival, are essential to avoid fines and vehicle seizure. Paper vehicle registration documents are needed for permits.
Cigarettes and alcohol
Adults over 18 can import limited quantities of cigarettes, cigars/tobacco, alcohol, and wine. Exceeding limits incurs import taxes.
Artifacts
Removing or exporting archaeological artifacts is illegal.
Smoking and vaping
Smoking and vaping are prohibited in all public places except designated areas, including beaches, hotels, markets, parks, and restaurants. Fines or arrests may occur for public smoking.
Electronic cigarettes
Bringing, selling, or distributing electronic cigarettes and vaping devices/solutions is illegal. Customs may confiscate items, and fines or detention may occur.
Dual citizenship
Dual citizenship is legally recognized. Consular service ability may be limited for dual citizens. Different entry/exit requirements may apply.
International Child Abduction
The Hague Convention applies between Canada and Mexico for child abduction cases. Act quickly, contact the Central Authority in your province/territory, consult lawyers, and report to your government if your child is wrongfully taken or held in Mexico. Consular officials cannot intervene in private legal matters.
Identification
Authorities may request ID, tourist cards, or proof of legal status at any time. Carry original ID at all times.
Identity documents
Names on IDs must match birth certificates for Mexican documents. Middle names are often needed but may be absent on some IDs. Obtain a Canadian passport meeting Mexican requirements before residency applications.
Investments
Mexican real estate agents are not licensed or regulated. Property/investment disputes are costly and lengthy. Seek legal advice in both countries before commitments, choose your own lawyer, and avoid seller-recommended lawyers.
Rental accommodations
Rental agreements are private matters not regulated by the government. Legal assistance from a local lawyer is needed for rental disputes.
Driving
Carry an International Driving Permit.
Auto insurance
Mexican liability insurance is mandatory; your home country’s insurance is not valid. Obtain full coverage, including legal assistance, at the border.
Accidents
Traffic accidents can lead to legal problems, including imprisonment. Lack of Mexican liability insurance may prevent departure until financial settlements are reached. Driving under the influence or without a valid license invalidates insurance. Custody and vehicle seizure may occur pending responsibility determination and fine payment. Report all accidents to police. Criminals may stage accidents for insurance fraud or cash demands.
Driving restrictions in Mexico City
Mexico City’s “Hoy No Circula” program restricts driving based on license plate numbers, issuance, and emission stickers to reduce pollution, enforced weekdays 5 am-10 pm, with stricter rules during high pollution periods (Feb-Jun). Fines and vehicle confiscation for non-compliance. Consult the “Hoy No Circula” calendar. Electric/hybrid cars are exempt. Newer gas cars may obtain tourist passes.
Buying or selling a vehicle
Vehicle purchases in Mexico are restricted to temporary or permanent residents. Selling imported vehicles is illegal and penalized by fines, car seizure, and deportation.
Money
The Mexican currency is the Mexican peso (MXN). Declare amounts over $10,000 USD or equivalent in any form upon arrival and departure to avoid detention. Limits exist on USD exchange amounts for residents and foreigners, depending on immigration status, though this may be inconsistently applied to other currencies.
Natural disasters and climate
Mexico is prone to natural disasters. In case of disaster, monitor local news and follow authority instructions, including evacuations.
Climate change
Climate change impacts Mexico, increasing extreme weather events that may affect travel. Monitor local media.
Hurricane season
Hurricanes typically occur mid-May to end-November. Tropical storms can rapidly become major hurricanes, posing risks and disrupting services. Be prepared to change travel plans, stay informed, carry airline/tour operator contacts, and follow authority advice during hurricane season.
Heat waves
Severe heat waves occur during hot seasons (Apr-May in south, Jul-Sep Pacific Coast). Know dehydration and heatstroke symptoms.
Flooding and landslides
Heavy rains, especially Jun-Nov, can cause flooding and landslides, disrupting travel, particularly in rural areas. Roads may become impassable and infrastructure damaged.
Earthquakes and tsunamis
Mexico is seismically active, with earthquake, aftershock, and landslide risks, especially in Mexico City, Chiapas, Guerrero, and Oaxaca. Tsunamis can follow nearby earthquakes. Coastal areas should familiarize themselves with tsunami evacuation plans.
Forest fires
Forest fires are possible, especially during dry seasons (Jan-Jun central, north, northeast, south, southeast; May-Sep northwest). Air quality can worsen due to smoke. Stay away from affected areas if respiratory issues exist, monitor media, and follow authorities’ instructions during major fires.
Volcanoes
Mexican authorities monitor active volcanoes, including Colima and Popocatepetl. National park access may be restricted. Eruptions can occur, causing evacuations and flight disruptions. Volcanic ash and fumes can affect health. Consult doctors about respiratory risks, familiarize yourself with emergency plans, avoid restricted areas, and be prepared to modify travel plans or evacuate near active volcanoes.
This guide provides essential safety and security information for travelers to Mexico. Understanding the type of government and the broader context of the country, combined with awareness of these safety measures, can contribute to a more informed and secure travel experience. Always stay updated on current advisories and local conditions before and during your trip.
Image alt text: Map of Mexico displaying risk levels for travel, highlighting regions with high risk due to crime and organized crime, urging travelers to exercise caution.
Image alt text: Safety and Security Icon representing travel safety information, indicating the section of the article focused on traveler security advice in Mexico.
Image alt text: Health Icon denoting the health and medical advisory section for travelers in Mexico, providing information on vaccinations, disease risks, and healthcare facilities.
Image alt text: Natural Disasters Icon signaling the section detailing natural disaster risks in Mexico, including hurricanes, earthquakes, and volcanic activity, and safety precautions.
