Are you curious about what Mexican fans are chanting during soccer games? The “puto” chant, a controversial term used by some Mexican soccer fans, has drawn attention due to its homophobic connotations. Gaymexico.net aims to provide clarity, context, and understanding around this complex issue, offering insights for LGBTQ+ travelers and allies interested in Mexican culture. We’ll explore the chant’s origins, meanings, and the ongoing efforts to address its use, providing you with a comprehensive overview. Explore resources and connect with the LGBTQ+ community in Mexico.
1. What Does “Puto” Mean and Why Is It Controversial?
The term “puto” is a Spanish slang word that is often used as a derogatory term for male sex workers or to insult someone’s masculinity. While some fans argue that its use in soccer chants is not intended to be homophobic, its historical and cultural context suggests otherwise. According to research, the use of such language reinforces negative stereotypes and contributes to a hostile environment for LGBTQ+ individuals.
1.1 Historical Context of “Puto”
The word “puto” has a long history in the Spanish language, evolving from its literal meaning to become a general insult. Its use in Mexican culture, particularly within the context of machismo, often carries implications of weakness or lack of masculinity. Joshua Nadel, author of Fútbol!: Why Soccer Matters in Latin America, notes that calling an opponent homosexual is along a spectrum of machismo, suggesting the opponent is weaker.
1.2 Different Interpretations
Some fans insist that the chant is merely a way to create chaos and is not meant to be taken literally. They argue that it is part of the atmosphere of a stadium in Mexico. However, this interpretation is widely criticized for ignoring the potential harm it causes. Jennifer Doyle, a professor of English at University of California, Riverside, who has written about the “puto” chant, suggests that the chant is most likely to stop if fans believe it to be a hex on the national team.
1.3 Impact on the LGBTQ+ Community
For many members of the LGBTQ+ community, hearing the word “puto” can be deeply hurtful and offensive. It reinforces negative stereotypes and contributes to a culture of discrimination. Juliana Jiménez Jaramillo wrote in Slate that people can abstractly consider what the word means, but they don’t understand the visceral gut punch you feel when you hear a slur in your native language.
2. Where Did the “Puto” Chant Originate?
The origins of the “puto” chant in Mexican soccer are not entirely clear, but it is believed to have started at the club level before spreading internationally. Two well-known Mexico keepers – Oswaldo Sánchez and Óscar Perez – are said to have been among the first targets of the chant at club level in the mid-00s.
2.1 Spread to International Matches
While the chant occurred sporadically at the 2010 World Cup, the 2014 tournament in Brazil brought it to a new level. ESPN and Univision offered disclaimers when it was picked up on their broadcasts, and columnists and writers called for its end.
2.2 Increased Attention and Use
Added attention has arguably only served to increase its use in MLS and USL stadiums, where Latino support is strong. In recent weeks, Pride Night matches at LA Galaxy and New York City FC were tarnished by the chants. Meanwhile, the new USL club Fresno FC, just months into its existence, has already been forced to denounce the fans’ chants and launch its own anti-discrimination and anti-homophobia campaign.
2.3 First Appearance in the World Cup
On Sunday, the chant made its first appearance in the 25th minute when Manuel Neuer lined up a kick. Quickly taken German goalkicks later in the game seemed to soften its presence.
3. What Has Been the Response From FIFA?
FIFA has taken disciplinary actions against Mexico and other countries for homophobic chants during soccer matches. These actions range from fines to warnings, but some critics argue that they are not enough to effectively combat the issue.
3.1 Disciplinary Actions
FIFA announced it has opened a disciplinary procedure against Mexico after the chants were heard during El Tri’s victory over Germany. In 2018, FIFA issued 51 disciplinary actions over homophobia during World Cup qualifiers. Of these, 11 were handed to the Mexican federation, with Argentina, Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, Honduras, Panama, and Peru also receiving multiple fines.
3.2 Criticism of FIFA’s Efforts
Some observers believe that FIFA’s efforts are primarily for show. Joshua Nadel suggests that if FIFA and the Mexican federation can plausibly say, “Look, we’re trying to stop it,” then they can quiet critics without imposing some form of sanction that has real teeth.
3.3 Observer Presence
During the World Cup, FIFA will have observers at all 64 matches and will work with security to remove fans engaging in discriminatory behavior, a spokesperson for the world governing body told the Guardian.
4. What Efforts Have Been Made to Stop the Chant?
Various campaigns and public service announcements have been launched by the Mexican federation and players to discourage fans from using the “puto” chant. These efforts aim to raise awareness about the harmful effects of the chant and promote more respectful behavior.
4.1 Public Awareness Campaigns
The Mexican federation this month tweeted – along with a link to rules of civility for the tournament – a direct plea that fans refrain from the chant. Campaigns including public-service announcements from Mexico players have encouraged fans to put a stop to the chants.
4.2 Player Involvement
Mexican players have actively participated in campaigns to discourage the chant, emphasizing the importance of respect and inclusivity.
4.3 Fan Response
The response to these campaigns has been mixed. Many roundly mocked the request with gifs and defiant one-liners, some repurposing the team’s slogan and hashtag for the tournament: “Yo si voy a gritar, porque #NadaNosDetiene.” (“I will be shouting, because #NothingStopsUs”)
5. What Are Alternative Chants or Ways to Support the Team Respectfully?
Finding alternative chants that are inclusive and respectful can help create a more welcoming environment for all fans.
5.1 Encouraging Creativity
Fans are encouraged to come up with new chants that celebrate the team without using offensive language. This can foster a sense of unity and pride while avoiding harm.
5.2 Promoting Positive Messages
Focusing on positive messages of support and encouragement can help shift the culture of soccer fandom. This can include chants that highlight the team’s strengths and achievements.
5.3 Education and Dialogue
Education and open dialogue are crucial in changing attitudes and behaviors. By understanding the impact of their words, fans can make more informed choices about how they express their support.
6. How Does the “Puto” Chant Relate to Homophobia in Soccer?
The “puto” chant is a symptom of broader issues of homophobia in soccer and society. Addressing this requires a comprehensive approach that includes education, policy changes, and cultural shifts.
6.1 Global Problem
Mexico is not alone in this. The problem of homophobia in fútbol, both men’s and women’s – among fans, teams, and federations – is global.
6.2 Societal Attitudes
Until societies cease seeing homosexuality through the lens of deviance and transgression, we will see homophobia in fútbol.
6.3 Need for Comprehensive Solutions
Rooting out homophobia in soccer requires a multi-faceted approach that addresses both individual attitudes and systemic issues. This includes promoting inclusivity, supporting LGBTQ+ players and fans, and holding individuals accountable for discriminatory behavior.
7. What Can LGBTQ+ Travelers Do to Stay Safe and Supported?
LGBTQ+ travelers attending soccer matches in Mexico can take steps to ensure their safety and well-being. This includes staying informed about local laws and customs, connecting with LGBTQ+ organizations, and seeking support when needed.
7.1 Resources for LGBTQ+ Travelers
There are numerous organizations and resources available to support LGBTQ+ travelers in Mexico. These include LGBTQ+ travel guides, community centers, and support groups.
7.2 Staying Informed
Staying informed about local laws and customs can help LGBTQ+ travelers navigate potentially challenging situations. This includes understanding local attitudes towards homosexuality and being aware of any legal protections or restrictions that may be in place.
7.3 Connecting with the Community
Connecting with local LGBTQ+ organizations and community centers can provide a sense of belonging and support. These organizations can offer valuable resources and information, as well as opportunities to connect with other LGBTQ+ individuals.
8. What Are the Legal Implications of Using the “Puto” Chant?
While the legal implications of using the “puto” chant may vary depending on the specific context and jurisdiction, it is important to be aware of potential consequences. This includes fines, bans from stadiums, and even criminal charges in some cases.
8.1 FIFA Regulations
FIFA has the authority to impose sanctions on teams and federations whose fans engage in discriminatory behavior. This can include fines, point deductions, and even bans from international competitions.
8.2 Local Laws
Local laws may also prohibit hate speech and discrimination based on sexual orientation. Individuals who use the “puto” chant could potentially face legal consequences under these laws.
8.3 Stadium Policies
Many stadiums have policies in place that prohibit discriminatory behavior. Individuals who violate these policies could be ejected from the stadium and banned from attending future events.
9. How Can Allies Support Efforts to Combat Homophobia in Soccer?
Allies can play a crucial role in combating homophobia in soccer by speaking out against discriminatory behavior, supporting LGBTQ+ organizations, and promoting inclusivity in their own communities.
9.1 Speaking Out
Allies can use their voices to speak out against homophobia and discrimination in soccer. This can include challenging offensive chants, supporting LGBTQ+ players and fans, and advocating for policy changes that promote inclusivity.
9.2 Supporting LGBTQ+ Organizations
Supporting LGBTQ+ organizations can help fund programs and initiatives that promote equality and combat discrimination. This can include donating money, volunteering time, or raising awareness about LGBTQ+ issues.
9.3 Promoting Inclusivity
Allies can promote inclusivity in their own communities by creating safe spaces for LGBTQ+ individuals, challenging stereotypes and biases, and advocating for policies that protect LGBTQ+ rights.
10. What Is the Future of the “Puto” Chant and Its Impact on Soccer Culture?
The future of the “puto” chant and its impact on soccer culture is uncertain. However, with continued efforts to raise awareness, promote inclusivity, and hold individuals accountable for discriminatory behavior, it is possible to create a more welcoming and respectful environment for all fans.
10.1 Continued Efforts
Continued efforts to raise awareness about the harmful effects of the chant are essential in changing attitudes and behaviors. This can include education campaigns, public service announcements, and community outreach programs.
10.2 Promoting Inclusivity
Promoting inclusivity in soccer culture can help create a more welcoming environment for LGBTQ+ individuals. This can include supporting LGBTQ+ players and fans, challenging stereotypes and biases, and advocating for policies that protect LGBTQ+ rights.
10.3 Holding Individuals Accountable
Holding individuals accountable for discriminatory behavior is crucial in sending a message that homophobia will not be tolerated. This can include imposing sanctions on teams and federations whose fans engage in offensive behavior, as well as prosecuting individuals who violate hate speech laws.
The “puto” chant remains a complex issue with deep roots in Mexican soccer culture. While some view it as harmless, its homophobic connotations cannot be ignored. Through education, awareness, and collective action, we can work towards creating a more inclusive and respectful environment for all fans. For more information on LGBTQ+ travel and culture in Mexico, visit gaymexico.net. Explore our guides, events, and resources to plan your next adventure with confidence and pride.
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FAQ About the “Puto” Chant
1. Why is the “puto” chant considered offensive?
The term “puto” is offensive because it is a derogatory term for male sex workers or to insult someone’s masculinity, reinforcing negative stereotypes against the LGBTQ+ community.
2. Where did the “puto” chant originate?
The chant is believed to have started at the club level in Mexico before spreading to international matches. Two well-known Mexico keepers – Oswaldo Sánchez and Óscar Perez – are said to have been among the first targets of the chant at club level in the mid-00s.
3. What has FIFA done about the “puto” chant?
FIFA has taken disciplinary actions against Mexico and other countries for homophobic chants, including fines and warnings.
4. What efforts have been made to stop the chant?
The Mexican federation and players have launched public awareness campaigns to discourage fans from using the chant.
5. What can LGBTQ+ travelers do to stay safe when attending soccer matches in Mexico?
LGBTQ+ travelers can stay informed about local laws and customs, connect with LGBTQ+ organizations, and seek support when needed.
6. Are there legal consequences for using the “puto” chant?
The legal implications vary, but potential consequences include fines, bans from stadiums, and even criminal charges in some cases.
7. How can allies support efforts to combat homophobia in soccer?
Allies can speak out against discriminatory behavior, support LGBTQ+ organizations, and promote inclusivity in their communities.
8. What are some alternative chants that are not offensive?
Fans can create new chants that celebrate the team without using offensive language, focusing on positive messages of support.
9. What is the impact of the “puto” chant on the LGBTQ+ community?
The chant reinforces negative stereotypes and contributes to a culture of discrimination, causing hurt and offense to many LGBTQ+ individuals.
10. How does the “puto” chant relate to broader issues of homophobia in society?
The “puto” chant is a symptom of broader issues of homophobia in soccer and society, requiring comprehensive solutions that include education and policy changes.
This information aims to provide a better understanding of the “puto” chant and its implications for the LGBTQ+ community and soccer culture. Remember to visit gaymexico.net for more resources and information on LGBTQ+ travel in Mexico.
