Is Healthcare In Mexico Free? A Guide for LGBTQ+ Travelers

Is Healthcare In Mexico Free? For LGBTQ+ travelers and those considering making Mexico a home, understanding healthcare accessibility is key, and gaymexico.net is here to guide you. Mexico is indeed making strides toward universal healthcare, but accessibility can vary. Let’s explore the ins and outs of healthcare in Mexico, especially for the LGBTQ+ community. We’ll cover costs, quality, and how to navigate the system, so you have resources on Mexican healthcare, LGBTQ+ health services, and medical tourism options.

1. What Healthcare Options Are Available in Mexico?

Yes, Mexico is working towards universal health coverage, but the system can seem complex at first. Mexico offers a mixed healthcare system with both public and private options. The public system, aimed at providing free or low-cost healthcare, is available to citizens and legal residents. However, the private system offers more immediate access and often higher quality care for those who can afford it.

Mexico’s healthcare system is structured around several key components:

Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS): This is the primary social security institution, providing healthcare to formally employed workers and their families.
Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE): Similar to IMSS, ISSSTE provides healthcare for government employees.
Seguro Popular (now INSABI): Originally designed to provide healthcare to uninsured Mexicans, it has been replaced by INSABI, though challenges persist in its implementation.
Private Healthcare: A robust private sector offers a range of services, from private hospitals to individual practitioners.

For LGBTQ+ individuals, accessing healthcare in Mexico involves navigating both the general system and specific considerations related to LGBTQ+ health needs. Mexico City, Guadalajara, and Puerto Vallarta have more LGBTQ+ friendly services.

2. Is Public Healthcare Truly Free in Mexico?

While Mexico aims for universal healthcare, the reality is more nuanced. Public healthcare, primarily through institutions like IMSS and the now-defunct Seguro Popular (formerly INSABI), is intended to be free or very low cost for eligible individuals. However, challenges in funding, staffing, and infrastructure can affect the actual accessibility and quality of care.

Hospital in Mexico

Factors affecting access include:

Eligibility: Access to IMSS is generally tied to formal employment, while INSABI (if fully implemented) is meant to cover the uninsured.
Wait Times: Public healthcare can involve longer wait times for appointments, specialized procedures, and surgeries.
Geographic Disparities: Healthcare access and quality can vary significantly between urban and rural areas.
Medications: While basic medications are often provided, access to specialized or newer drugs may be limited.

For the LGBTQ+ community, it’s essential to find LGBTQ+ friendly providers within the public system.

3. How Does INSABI Impact Healthcare Accessibility in Mexico?

INSABI, or Instituto de Salud para el Bienestar, was established to replace Seguro Popular with the goal of providing free healthcare to all Mexicans, regardless of their employment status. The transition has been marked by challenges, including funding gaps, supply shortages, and logistical difficulties in ensuring consistent care across the country.

Key aspects of INSABI:

Universal Coverage: Aims to provide healthcare to all uninsured Mexicans.
Direct Provision: Intended to provide services directly through public facilities.
Funding Challenges: Faces ongoing issues with adequate funding and resource allocation.
Implementation Issues: Has encountered difficulties in ensuring consistent access to care and medications.

The impact of INSABI on healthcare accessibility is still evolving, and it’s essential to stay informed about the latest developments and seek reliable sources, like gaymexico.net, for updates.

4. What Role Does Private Healthcare Play in Mexico?

Private healthcare in Mexico offers an alternative for those seeking faster access, higher quality care, and more specialized services. It includes private hospitals, clinics, and individual practitioners. While it requires out-of-pocket payments or private insurance, it can provide a higher level of comfort and convenience.

Advantages of private healthcare:

Shorter Wait Times: Quicker access to appointments, tests, and procedures.
Higher Quality: Often provides more modern facilities, advanced technology, and well-trained staff.
Greater Choice: Allows patients to choose their doctors and specialists.
Comfort and Convenience: Offers more comfortable facilities and personalized attention.

Private healthcare costs can vary widely depending on the type of service, location, and provider.

5. Can Tourists Access Healthcare in Mexico?

Tourists in Mexico can access healthcare, primarily through private hospitals and clinics. While public healthcare is generally reserved for residents, tourists can seek medical treatment and will typically need to pay out-of-pocket or through travel insurance.

Options for tourists:

Private Hospitals and Clinics: Readily available in tourist areas, offering a range of medical services.
Travel Insurance: Essential for covering medical expenses and emergencies.
Cash Payments: Many providers require payment in cash or credit card at the time of service.
Emergency Care: Emergency services are available, but costs may not be covered without insurance.

LGBTQ+ travelers should research LGBTQ+ friendly healthcare providers in tourist destinations.

6. How Much Does Healthcare Cost in Mexico?

Healthcare costs in Mexico vary significantly depending on whether you use the public or private system. Public healthcare is intended to be free or low cost, but private healthcare can range from affordable to expensive, depending on the service and provider.

Cost factors:

Type of Service: Consultations, tests, procedures, and surgeries have different costs.
Location: Prices can vary between cities and regions.
Provider: Private hospitals and specialists typically charge more than general practitioners.
Insurance: Having private insurance can significantly reduce out-of-pocket expenses.

Here is a general idea of the average costs for various medical services in Mexico, quoted in USD:

Medical Service	Average Cost (USD)
Doctor Consultation	$30 – $60
Specialist Consultation	$50 – $100
Routine Blood Test	$20 – $40
X-Ray	$50 – $100
MRI	$300 – $600
Dental Cleaning	$30 – $70
Emergency Room Visit	$100 – $300
Hospital Stay (per night)	$100 – $500
Prescription Medications	Varies
Basic Health Insurance Plan	$50 – $200/month

Disclaimer: These costs are approximate and can vary.

7. Is Health Insurance Necessary in Mexico?

Whether health insurance is necessary in Mexico depends on your residency status and healthcare preferences. For residents, having health insurance can provide access to private healthcare and reduce out-of-pocket expenses. For tourists, travel insurance is highly recommended to cover medical emergencies.

Considerations for residents:

Access to Private Care: Insurance provides access to private hospitals, shorter wait times, and higher quality care.
Cost Savings: Reduces the financial burden of medical expenses.
Peace of Mind: Provides security and peace of mind in case of illness or injury.
Options: A range of private insurance plans are available, with varying levels of coverage.

For LGBTQ+ individuals, insurance can provide access to specialized services and LGBTQ+ friendly providers.

8. What Is the Quality of Healthcare in Mexico?

The quality of healthcare in Mexico varies depending on the sector (public or private) and location. Private healthcare generally offers higher quality care with modern facilities, advanced technology, and well-trained staff. Public healthcare can be adequate, but may face challenges in funding, staffing, and infrastructure.

Factors affecting quality:

Infrastructure: Private hospitals often have more modern facilities and equipment.
Staff Training: Private doctors and specialists typically have advanced training.
Resources: Public facilities may face shortages of staff, equipment, and medications.
Location: Healthcare quality can vary between urban and rural areas.

LGBTQ+ individuals should seek recommendations and reviews of healthcare providers to ensure quality and sensitivity.

9. How Can LGBTQ+ Individuals Find Healthcare Providers in Mexico?

Finding LGBTQ+ friendly healthcare providers in Mexico involves research, networking, and seeking recommendations from trusted sources. Several organizations and online resources can help identify providers who are knowledgeable, respectful, and sensitive to LGBTQ+ health needs.

Resources for finding providers:

LGBTQ+ Organizations: Local and national LGBTQ+ organizations often maintain lists of friendly providers.
Online Directories: Websites and online forums can provide recommendations and reviews.
Word of Mouth: Ask for referrals from friends, acquaintances, or community leaders.
Gaymexico.net: Gaymexico.net offers resources and information to help LGBTQ+ individuals find healthcare providers in Mexico.

When seeking healthcare, it’s essential to inquire about the provider’s experience and sensitivity to LGBTQ+ issues.

10. What Are Some Common Health Concerns in Mexico?

Mexico faces a range of health challenges, including infectious diseases, chronic illnesses, and environmental health risks. Common health concerns include diabetes, obesity, heart disease, respiratory infections, and mosquito-borne illnesses like dengue fever and Zika virus.

Key health issues:

Diabetes and Obesity: High rates of diabetes and obesity contribute to other health problems.
Heart Disease: A leading cause of death in Mexico.
Infectious Diseases: Respiratory infections, gastrointestinal illnesses, and mosquito-borne diseases are prevalent.
Environmental Risks: Air pollution, water contamination, and exposure to toxins pose health risks.

LGBTQ+ individuals may face additional health concerns related to HIV/AIDS, mental health, and access to specialized services.

11. What Are the Best Cities in Mexico for Healthcare?

Several cities in Mexico are known for their high-quality healthcare, modern facilities, and experienced medical professionals. These cities offer a range of public and private healthcare options, making them attractive destinations for both residents and medical tourists.

Top cities for healthcare:

Mexico City: The capital city has a concentration of hospitals, specialists, and advanced medical technology.
Guadalajara: Known for its medical schools, research institutions, and private hospitals.
Monterrey: A major industrial center with a growing healthcare sector and modern facilities.
Puebla: Offers a mix of public and private healthcare options, with a focus on specialized care.

These cities also have a supportive infrastructure for LGBTQ+ individuals, including LGBTQ+ friendly healthcare providers and community resources.

12. How Does Mexico’s Healthcare System Compare to the United States?

Mexico’s healthcare system differs significantly from the United States in terms of access, cost, and quality. While the U.S. relies heavily on private insurance, Mexico aims for universal healthcare through a mixed public-private system.

Key differences:

Aspect	Mexico	United States
Access	Aims for universal coverage, but access can vary.	Primarily through private insurance, with government programs for the elderly and low-income individuals.
Cost	Public healthcare is free or low cost; private healthcare is generally more affordable.	High costs, with significant out-of-pocket expenses and premiums.
Quality	Varies; private healthcare often offers higher quality than public healthcare.	Generally high quality, but can be expensive and unevenly distributed.
Insurance	Private insurance is optional for residents and recommended for tourists.	Private insurance is common; government programs include Medicare and Medicaid.
Wait Times	Public healthcare can involve longer wait times.	Wait times can vary depending on insurance and location.
LGBTQ+ Support	Uneven, but improving in major cities.	Varies by state and provider.

LGBTQ+ individuals may find that Mexico offers more affordable healthcare options, but it’s essential to research providers and ensure access to quality care.

13. What Are the Legal Considerations for Healthcare in Mexico?

Navigating the legal aspects of healthcare in Mexico is essential, especially for foreigners. Understanding your rights, obligations, and available resources can help ensure a smooth and positive experience.

Key legal considerations:

Residency Requirements: Access to public healthcare may depend on residency status.
Insurance Coverage: Understand what your insurance policy covers and any limitations.
Patient Rights: Familiarize yourself with your rights as a patient, including the right to information, privacy, and informed consent.
Medical Malpractice: Know your options in case of medical negligence or malpractice.

Consulting with a legal professional can provide guidance on healthcare-related legal matters.

14. Are There Specific Healthcare Services for the LGBTQ+ Community in Mexico?

While Mexico is still developing comprehensive healthcare services tailored to the LGBTQ+ community, progress is being made, particularly in major cities. Several organizations and healthcare providers specialize in LGBTQ+ health needs, offering sensitive and informed care.

LGBTQ+ specific services:

HIV/AIDS Treatment: Access to testing, prevention, and treatment for HIV/AIDS.
Hormone Therapy: Hormone therapy for transgender individuals.
Mental Health Services: Counseling and therapy for LGBTQ+ individuals and couples.
Sexual Health Services: Testing and treatment for sexually transmitted infections.

LGBTQ+ organizations and online resources can help identify providers who offer these specialized services.

15. What Resources Are Available for Understanding Healthcare in Mexico?

Numerous resources are available to help individuals understand healthcare in Mexico, including government agencies, non-profit organizations, and online platforms.

Key resources:

Government Websites: Official government websites provide information on public healthcare programs and regulations.
Non-Profit Organizations: Organizations dedicated to healthcare advocacy and education offer valuable resources.
Online Forums and Communities: Online forums and communities can provide firsthand information and support.
Gaymexico.net: Gaymexico.net is a valuable resource for LGBTQ+ individuals seeking information on healthcare and other topics related to Mexico.

Consulting multiple sources can provide a comprehensive understanding of healthcare in Mexico.

16. How Is Mexico Addressing Healthcare Disparities?

Mexico faces significant healthcare disparities based on income, geographic location, and social status. The government is implementing various initiatives to address these disparities, including expanding public healthcare programs, increasing investment in rural healthcare infrastructure, and promoting preventive care.

Initiatives to reduce disparities:

Expanding Public Healthcare: Initiatives like INSABI aim to provide healthcare to all Mexicans, regardless of their ability to pay.
Investing in Rural Infrastructure: Efforts to improve healthcare facilities and services in underserved areas.
Promoting Preventive Care: Campaigns to raise awareness about healthy lifestyles and disease prevention.
Addressing Social Determinants of Health: Recognizing the impact of social and economic factors on health outcomes.

While progress is being made, addressing healthcare disparities remains a significant challenge.

17. What Should You Do in a Medical Emergency in Mexico?

In a medical emergency in Mexico, it’s essential to know how to access immediate care and what steps to take to ensure your safety and well-being.

Steps to take:

Call 911: Dial 911 for emergency services, including ambulance and police.
Go to the Nearest Hospital: Seek immediate care at the nearest hospital, preferably a private hospital if you have insurance or can afford it.
Contact Your Insurance Company: Notify your insurance company as soon as possible to coordinate coverage and payment.
Inform Your Embassy or Consulate: Contact your embassy or consulate for assistance and support.

It’s also helpful to have a basic understanding of Spanish to communicate with healthcare providers and emergency personnel.

18. What Are Some Tips for Staying Healthy in Mexico?

Staying healthy while in Mexico involves taking precautions to prevent illness and injury. Key tips include practicing good hygiene, eating and drinking safely, protecting yourself from mosquito bites, and being aware of environmental hazards.

Tips for staying healthy:

Wash Your Hands: Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, especially before meals.
Drink Bottled Water: Avoid drinking tap water and opt for bottled or purified water.
Eat at Reputable Restaurants: Choose restaurants with good hygiene practices and avoid street food that may be contaminated.
Use Insect Repellent: Protect yourself from mosquito bites by using insect repellent and wearing long sleeves and pants.

LGBTQ+ individuals should also be aware of specific health risks and take precautions to protect their well-being.

19. How Can Telemedicine Be Used in Mexico?

Telemedicine is increasingly being used in Mexico to provide remote healthcare services, particularly in underserved areas. It involves using technology to connect patients with doctors and specialists for consultations, diagnoses, and treatment.

Benefits of telemedicine:

Increased Access: Provides access to healthcare for people in remote or rural areas.
Convenience: Allows patients to receive care from the comfort of their homes.
Cost Savings: Reduces travel costs and time off work.
Specialized Care: Connects patients with specialists who may not be available locally.

Telemedicine is playing a growing role in Mexico’s healthcare system, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.

20. What Are the Ethical Considerations in Mexican Healthcare?

Ethical considerations in Mexican healthcare include issues such as patient autonomy, informed consent, confidentiality, and access to care. Ensuring that healthcare providers adhere to ethical standards is essential for maintaining trust and providing quality care.

Key ethical considerations:

Patient Autonomy: Respecting patients’ right to make decisions about their healthcare.
Informed Consent: Providing patients with complete and accurate information about their treatment options.
Confidentiality: Protecting patients’ privacy and medical information.
Access to Care: Ensuring that all individuals have equal access to healthcare services.

LGBTQ+ individuals may face additional ethical considerations related to discrimination, stigma, and access to specialized services.

People wearing facemasks walking in Mexico

21. How Has COVID-19 Affected Healthcare in Mexico?

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on healthcare in Mexico, straining resources, disrupting services, and exposing vulnerabilities in the system. The pandemic has also highlighted the importance of public health infrastructure, emergency preparedness, and access to care.

Key impacts of COVID-19:

Strain on Resources: Hospitals and healthcare facilities have been overwhelmed with COVID-19 cases.
Disruption of Services: Non-emergency medical services have been delayed or canceled.
Increased Mortality: Mexico has experienced a high number of COVID-19-related deaths.
Focus on Public Health: The pandemic has underscored the importance of public health measures and prevention.

The pandemic has also disproportionately affected vulnerable populations, including low-income individuals, indigenous communities, and LGBTQ+ individuals.

22. How Can I Prepare for a Doctor’s Visit in Mexico?

Preparing for a doctor’s visit in Mexico can help ensure that you receive the best possible care and have a positive experience.

Preparation tips:

Gather Your Medical Information: Bring your medical history, list of medications, and any relevant test results.
Learn Basic Spanish Phrases: Knowing basic Spanish can help you communicate with healthcare providers.
Bring a Translator: If you’re not fluent in Spanish, bring a translator or ask if the clinic provides translation services.
Ask Questions: Don’t hesitate to ask questions about your diagnosis, treatment options, and follow-up care.

LGBTQ+ individuals should also consider researching LGBTQ+ friendly providers and discussing any specific concerns or needs.

23. What Are the Alternatives to Traditional Healthcare in Mexico?

In addition to traditional medicine, Mexico offers a range of alternative and complementary therapies, including herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage therapy, and traditional healing practices.

Alternative therapies:

Herbal Medicine: Using medicinal plants to treat various conditions.
Acupuncture: Inserting thin needles into specific points on the body to stimulate healing.
Massage Therapy: Manipulating soft tissues to relieve pain and promote relaxation.
Traditional Healing: Practices rooted in indigenous cultures, such as spiritual healing and energy work.

While alternative therapies can be beneficial, it’s essential to consult with a qualified practitioner and inform your doctor about any alternative treatments you’re using.

24. How Does Climate Change Impact Healthcare in Mexico?

Climate change is increasingly affecting healthcare in Mexico, with rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and changing disease patterns posing significant challenges.

Impacts of climate change:

Heat-Related Illnesses: Rising temperatures can lead to heatstroke, dehydration, and other heat-related illnesses.
Extreme Weather Events: Hurricanes, floods, and droughts can disrupt healthcare services and infrastructure.
Changing Disease Patterns: Climate change can alter the distribution and transmission of infectious diseases.
Air Pollution: Increased air pollution can exacerbate respiratory illnesses and other health problems.

Addressing climate change and its health impacts requires a comprehensive approach involving government, healthcare providers, and communities.

25. What is Medical Tourism Like in Mexico?

Mexico has become an increasingly popular destination for medical tourism, attracting patients from around the world seeking affordable, high-quality healthcare.

Reasons for medical tourism:

Cost Savings: Medical procedures and treatments are often significantly cheaper in Mexico than in other countries.
Quality of Care: Many hospitals and clinics in Mexico offer modern facilities, advanced technology, and well-trained staff.
Shorter Wait Times: Patients can often access medical care more quickly in Mexico than in their home countries.
Attractive Destinations: Mexico offers a range of attractive tourist destinations, allowing patients to combine medical treatment with vacation.

Popular procedures for medical tourists include dental work, cosmetic surgery, orthopedic surgery, and fertility treatments. LGBTQ+ individuals should research LGBTQ+ friendly providers and destinations for medical tourism.

26. What Are the Long-Term Care Options for Seniors in Mexico?

Mexico offers a range of long-term care options for seniors, including nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and home healthcare services.

Long-term care options:

Nursing Homes: Provide 24-hour care for seniors with significant medical needs.
Assisted Living Facilities: Offer housing, meals, and assistance with daily activities for seniors who need some support.
Home Healthcare Services: Provide medical care and support in the comfort of seniors’ homes.
Retirement Communities: Offer a range of amenities and services for active seniors.

The cost and quality of long-term care can vary, so it’s essential to research options and choose a provider that meets your needs and budget.

27. Is Mental Healthcare Accessible in Mexico?

Mental healthcare in Mexico is becoming more accessible, but challenges remain, including stigma, lack of resources, and uneven distribution of services.

Challenges in mental healthcare:

Stigma: Mental health issues are often stigmatized in Mexico, preventing people from seeking help.
Lack of Resources: There is a shortage of mental health professionals and facilities in many areas.
Uneven Distribution: Mental healthcare services are concentrated in urban areas, leaving rural communities underserved.
Insurance Coverage: Mental healthcare is not always covered by insurance.

Efforts are being made to improve mental healthcare in Mexico, including increasing funding, training more professionals, and raising awareness about mental health issues.

28. How Does Traditional Medicine Integrate With Modern Healthcare in Mexico?

Traditional medicine plays a significant role in Mexican culture and healthcare, with many people using traditional remedies and practices alongside modern medical treatments.

Integration of traditional and modern medicine:

Cultural Significance: Traditional medicine is deeply rooted in Mexican culture and history.
Accessibility: Traditional remedies are often more accessible and affordable than modern medical treatments.
Complementary Use: Many people use traditional medicine to complement modern medical treatments.
Recognition: The Mexican government recognizes the importance of traditional medicine and supports its integration into the healthcare system.

It’s essential to inform your doctor about any traditional remedies or practices you’re using to ensure safe and effective care.

29. What Is the Role of Pharmacies in Mexican Healthcare?

Pharmacies play a crucial role in Mexican healthcare, serving as a primary point of access for medications and healthcare advice.

Role of pharmacies:

Medication Dispensing: Pharmacies dispense prescription and over-the-counter medications.
Healthcare Advice: Pharmacists provide healthcare advice and guidance on minor ailments.
Basic Services: Some pharmacies offer basic healthcare services, such as blood pressure checks and vaccinations.
Accessibility: Pharmacies are widely accessible throughout Mexico, even in remote areas.

It’s essential to use reputable pharmacies and follow the advice of healthcare professionals when taking medications.

30. What are the Future Trends in Mexican Healthcare?

Several trends are shaping the future of healthcare in Mexico, including technology, preventive care, and patient-centered approaches.

Future trends:

Technology: Telemedicine, electronic health records, and other technologies are transforming healthcare delivery.
Preventive Care: Increased focus on preventive care to reduce the burden of chronic diseases.
Patient-Centered Approaches: Healthcare is becoming more patient-centered, with greater emphasis on patient involvement and preferences.
Universal Coverage: Continued efforts to achieve universal healthcare coverage for all Mexicans.

These trends hold the promise of improving healthcare access, quality, and outcomes in Mexico.

Is healthcare in Mexico free? While the answer is complex, gaymexico.net is your ultimate resource for navigating the landscape as an LGBTQ+ individual. We provide up-to-date information on LGBTQ+ friendly providers, destinations, and resources.

Ready to explore Mexico with confidence? Visit gaymexico.net today to discover LGBTQ+ friendly destinations, events, and essential resources. Connect with our community and plan your unforgettable Mexican adventure now!

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FAQ Section

1. Is healthcare in Mexico really free for everyone?

Mexico is striving for universal health coverage, but access varies. Public healthcare is intended to be free or low-cost for citizens and legal residents, but private healthcare offers more immediate access for those who can afford it.

2. How does INSABI affect access to free healthcare in Mexico?

INSABI aims to provide free healthcare to all Mexicans, replacing Seguro Popular. However, it has faced challenges in funding and implementation, affecting its consistency.

3. Can tourists access healthcare in Mexico, and is it free?

Tourists can access healthcare, primarily through private hospitals and clinics. It’s generally not free; payment is typically out-of-pocket or via travel insurance.

4. What are the average costs for medical services in Mexico?

Doctor consultations range from $30-$60, specialist consultations from $50-$100, and a routine blood test from $20-$40. MRI average from $300 – $600. Prices vary by location and provider.

5. Is health insurance necessary for visitors in Mexico?

Health insurance is highly recommended for visitors to cover medical emergencies and provide peace of mind.

6. Where can LGBTQ+ individuals find healthcare providers in Mexico?

LGBTQ+ organizations, online directories, and word-of-mouth referrals can help identify LGBTQ+ friendly healthcare providers. Gaymexico.net is also a great resource.

7. What are the best cities in Mexico for quality healthcare?

Mexico City, Guadalajara, Monterrey, and Puebla are known for high-quality healthcare facilities and experienced medical professionals.

8. How does Mexico’s healthcare system compare to that of the United States?

Mexico aims for universal coverage through a mixed public-private system, while the U.S. relies heavily on private insurance. Mexico tends to be more affordable, though quality can vary.

9. Are there specific healthcare services tailored for the LGBTQ+ community in Mexico?

Yes, services like HIV/AIDS treatment, hormone therapy, and mental health services are becoming more available, especially in major cities. Consult gaymexico.net for resources.

10. What should I do in a medical emergency while in Mexico?

Dial 911, go to the nearest hospital, contact your insurance company, and inform your embassy or consulate for assistance.