Saltillo, the capital city of Coahuila, Mexico, is nestled in a wide valley on the northern edge of the Mesa Central, positioned between the bustling metropolis of Monterrey to the east and Torreón to the west. Elevated approximately 5,500 feet (1,700 meters) above sea level, Saltillo boasts a pleasantly cool and dry climate, a characteristic that has long made it a sought-after summer retreat. Founded in 1575 as part of the Spanish province of Nueva Vizcaya, Saltillo carries a rich historical tapestry woven through centuries of Mexican heritage and development.
While Saltillo may not be overflowing with colonial-era architecture, its 18th-century cathedral stands as a magnificent exception. The Cathedral of Santiago is celebrated as a prime example of its architectural style in northern Mexico, showcasing intricate details and historical significance. Historically, Saltillo held considerable prominence, serving as the capital of an expansive province from 1824 to 1836. This vast territory encompassed present-day Texas and other parts of the U.S. Southwest, highlighting Saltillo’s pivotal role in the regional landscape during that era. Furthermore, the area just southwest of Saltillo was the site of the Battle of Buena Vista in 1847, a significant clash during the Mexican-American War, embedding the city in the narratives of both Mexican and American history.
Today, Saltillo has evolved into a dynamic commercial, communications, and manufacturing hub. While embracing modernity, the city maintains its connection to traditional crafts. Saltillo is renowned for its production of pottery, ceramic tiles, and exquisite textiles, most notably the iconic Saltillo serapes. These fine woolen blankets, utilized as shawls or bedspreads, are a hallmark of the city’s artistic heritage. Beyond crafts, Saltillo’s industrial sector is robust, with manufacturing extending to machinery, engines, and automobiles, the latter being largely produced in the neighboring Ramos Arizpe. Saltillo also functions as a vital service center for the extensive mining operations in the surrounding mountains, which yield valuable resources such as gold, silver, lead, zinc, copper, iron, and coal. The city’s economy is further supported by its role as a consumer of agricultural products, including cereals, vegetables, and livestock, sourced from its surrounding hinterland. Education and culture are also key aspects of Saltillo, with the Autonomous University of Coahuila, a significant institution of higher learning, established in 1867, contributing to the city’s intellectual and cultural vibrancy. Saltillo’s connectivity is ensured by major railroad and highway links, facilitating easy access to Monterrey, Torreón, and further south to Mexico City, making it a well-connected city within Mexico.
