This report, based on data from the Mexican Ministry of Health, investigates critical risk factors associated with COVID-19 lethality in Mexico and introduces a novel clinical score for predicting patient outcomes. The study highlights the significant roles of diabetes and obesity in exacerbating the severity of COVID-19 infections within the Mexican population.
Data encompassing 177,133 individuals, collected up to May 18, 2020, was analyzed to identify factors influencing both COVID-19 positivity and mortality. The research revealed that early-onset diabetes, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), advanced age, hypertension, immunosuppression, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are significant risk factors for increased lethality among COVID-19 patients. Notably, the study found that obesity mediates nearly half (49.5%) of the impact of diabetes on COVID-19 lethality, underscoring the intertwined nature of these conditions in worsening patient prognosis. Furthermore, early-onset diabetes was linked to a higher risk of hospitalization, while obesity significantly increased the likelihood of requiring intensive care unit admission and intubation.
To aid in rapid risk assessment, the researchers developed a predictive “Mexico Score” for COVID-19 lethality. This clinical tool incorporates key indicators including age ≥ 65 years, diabetes (any type), early-onset diabetes, and obesity. This score is designed to quickly identify individuals at high risk of severe outcomes in initial healthcare encounters.
In conclusion, this study proposes a mechanistic approach to evaluate COVID-19 complication and lethality risk, specifically considering the pronounced effects of obesity and diabetes within Mexico. The developed “Mexico score” offers a valuable, readily applicable clinical tool for healthcare professionals to swiftly determine high-risk patients, enabling timely interventions and potentially improving patient management during the ongoing pandemic.
