Palenque stands as a remarkable testament to the ancient Mayan civilization. This ruined city, dating back to the Late Classic Period (approximately 600–900 CE), is situated in the present-day state of Chiapas, Mexico, roughly 80 miles south of Ciudad del Carmen. While its original Mayan name remains a mystery, it is now known by the name given by the Spanish to a nearby village – Palenque. Recognizing its profound historical and cultural significance, UNESCO designated Palenque a World Heritage site in 1987.
The builders of Palenque distinguished themselves through their innovative use of plaster to achieve smooth finishes on their structures, diverging from the typical Mayan practice of tooled-limestone construction. However, they embraced carving for interior walls, creating exceptional examples on tablets affixed with plaster. Archaeological findings have also unearthed stucco and terra-cotta figures, further highlighting the artistic richness of Palenque. The city’s elaborate palace complex is a marvel, featuring three parallel walls that enclose two corridors, uniquely covered with pointed vaults characteristic of Palenque architecture.
Among Palenque’s structures, the Temple of the Inscriptions stands out as both one of the largest and best-preserved. It is particularly celebrated for its extensive hieroglyphic inscriptions, offering invaluable insights into Mayan history and culture. A groundbreaking discovery in 1952 revealed a crypt beneath the temple, containing the jade-adorned remains of a figure believed to be a 7th-century ruler-priest. Another notable edifice is the Temple of the Sun, renowned for its large stucco bas-relief depicting an exquisitely crafted throne and accompanying figures, showcasing the artistic mastery of Palenque’s artisans.
Temple of the Sun and Temple of the Cross steps at Palenque, Mexico
Temple of the Inscriptions and Temple XIII at Palenque, Mexico
Palenque offers a captivating journey into the world of the ancient Maya. Its unique architecture, intricate carvings, and historical significance make it an essential destination for anyone seeking to explore the rich heritage of Mexico and the Mayan civilization.
