Dia de los Muertos, or Day of the Dead, is a vibrant and deeply meaningful Mexican tradition celebrated on November 1st and 2nd. Far from a somber occasion, it’s a joyous reunion with deceased loved ones, honoring their memory with vibrant colors, delicious food, and lively music. This unique celebration, recognized by UNESCO for its cultural significance, offers a profound understanding of Mexican culture and its relationship with life and death.
Preparations for the Day of the Dead can start as early as October. FG Trade Latin/Getty Images
Dia de los Muertos: A Two-Day Celebration
Dia de los Muertos spans two days, each with a distinct focus:
- November 1st: Dia de los Inocentes (Day of the Innocents) or Dia de los Angelitos (Day of the Little Angels): This day is dedicated to remembering and honoring children who have passed away.
- November 2nd: Dia de los Muertos or Dia de los Difuntos (Day of the Departed): This day commemorates deceased adults.
Originally celebrated in August by indigenous cultures, the dates shifted to coincide with All Saints’ Day and All Souls’ Day after the Spanish conquest, blending indigenous traditions with Catholic influences.
Creating a Welcoming Space: The Ofrenda
A central element of Dia de los Muertos is the ofrenda, an altar meticulously crafted to welcome the spirits of loved ones. These altars, ranging from simple to elaborate, display photos of the deceased, their favorite foods and drinks, cherished possessions, candles, flowers, and often religious icons. The ofrenda serves as a focal point for remembrance and a symbolic homecoming for visiting spirits.
Ofrendas (altars) are a focal point during Day of the Dead celebrations. Anton Romaniuk/Shutterstock
Honoring the Departed at the Cemetery
Families gather at cemeteries to clean and decorate graves with vibrant marigolds, candles, and offerings. The atmosphere is a unique blend of festive celebration and solemn respect, with music, storytelling, food, and drink shared among families. Live musicians often wander through the cemetery, playing the deceased’s favorite songs.
Gravesites illuminated by candlelight during Day of the Dead celebrations in San Andres. Shutterstock
The Significance of Marigolds: Guiding Spirits Home
Marigolds, known as cempasúchil, are the iconic flower of Dia de los Muertos. Their vibrant orange color and strong scent are believed to guide spirits back to the world of the living. Cemeteries and ofrendas are adorned with these flowers, creating a sea of orange that symbolizes the cycle of life and death.
Traditional Foods for Dia de los Muertos
Food plays a crucial role in the celebration, nourishing both the living and the spirits. Ofrendas feature the deceased’s favorite dishes, reflecting regional culinary traditions. Pan de muerto, a sweet bread adorned with bone-shaped decorations, is a ubiquitous symbol of the holiday.
A street vendor prepares food for Day of the Dead celebrations in Mexico City. PamelaViola/Getty Images
La Catrina: The Iconic Skeleton of Dia de los Muertos
The image of La Catrina, a stylish skeleton lady created by artist José Guadalupe Posada, has become synonymous with Dia de los Muertos. Representing the idea that death comes for everyone regardless of social status, La Catrina is featured in decorations, costumes, and face painting during the festivities.
Experiencing Dia de los Muertos in Mexico: Special Events
While Dia de los Muertos is traditionally a family affair, many cities host large-scale events. Parades, processions, and festivals featuring elaborate costumes, music, and dance offer immersive experiences for locals and visitors alike. Notable celebrations include Mexico City’s Desfile de Alebrijes, Mixquic’s La Alumbrada, Janitzio Island’s candlelit canoes, Oaxaca City’s week-long festivities, and Mérida’s Paseo de las Ánimas.
Oaxaca City is one of the best places to take part in the Day of the Dead celebrations. Joel Carillet/Getty Images
